The report comes together with an evaluation report on theEuropean Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF).The EPPO and OLAF are two central actors of the EU Anti-Fraud Architecture.

This is the first ever evaluation report on the EPPO, five years after the start of its operations on 1 June 2021. The report finds that since its establishment, the EPPO has delivered clear and noteworthy results in the protection of the EU budget, in particular in complex cross-border cases, which benefit from the EPPO’s coordination. The study shows that the EPPO’s hybrid structure, consisting of a central office in Luxembourg with European Delegated Prosecutors in Member States, has proven to be effective. This unique model enables investigators to identify links between cases, individuals and companies, that otherwise would remain undetected. Moreover, the operational performance of the EPPO has grown significantly since the beginning of its operations. Comparison between 2021 and 2025 shows that investigations have increased from from 515 to 3,602, and the total amount concerned by freezing orders has risen from EUR 147.3 million to EUR 1.13 billion last year.

The report points at areas for possible improvement, including as regards legal ambiguities in the EPPO Regulation, differences in the national implementation of the Regulation or difficulties in exchanging information with other actors, and uneven support from the Member States. To unlock the EPPO’s full potential, the report highlights the need to strengthen evidence on the outcomes of its activities and recoveries, reduce divergences in national implementation of the Regulation and further enhance cooperation and information exchange with relevant actors.

The results will feed into the Commission’s ongoing review of the EU anti-fraud architecture, including the joint impact assessment covering theEPPO Regulationand theOLAF Regulation, as well as the Directive on the protection of the Union financial interests by means of criminal law (PIF Directive).

The EPPO was established in 2017 as an independent EU-level body to investigate and prosecute criminal offences affecting the EU’s financial interests before the national courts of participating Member States. With a mandate established since the adoption of its own Regulation in 2017 and operational activity since 2021, the EPPO is a central pillar of the EU’s anti-fraud architecture.

In July 2025, the European Commission launched a review of the EU Anti-Fraud Architecture to assess the effectiveness, coherence and complementarity of the Union's framework for protecting its financial interests. The review examines the interaction and cooperation between OLAF, EPPO, Europol, Eurojust and other relevant actors.